{"id":4139,"date":"2022-09-16T12:07:00","date_gmt":"2022-09-16T12:07:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peacock.nu\/non-classifiee\/comment-fonctionne-une-centrale-nucleaire\/"},"modified":"2023-01-24T13:11:12","modified_gmt":"2023-01-24T13:11:12","slug":"comment-fonctionne-une-centrale-nucleaire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/peacock.nu\/fr\/blog-fr\/comment-fonctionne-une-centrale-nucleaire\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment fonctionne une centrale nucl\u00e9aire ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Le d\u00e9bat sur l’existence ou la non-existence de l’\u00e9nergie nucl\u00e9aire ne semble jamais s’arr\u00eater. En 1980 d\u00e9j\u00e0, un vote a eu lieu en Su\u00e8de sur la question. En cons\u00e9quence, le Parlement a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que tous les r\u00e9acteurs devaient \u00eatre d\u00e9class\u00e9s d’ici 2010.<\/p>\n\n

Cela ne s’est pas produit – il y a aujourd’hui six r\u00e9acteurs actifs – \u00e0 Forsmark, Oskarshamn et Ringhals. Ils sont de deux types diff\u00e9rents, \u00e0 savoir les r\u00e9acteurs \u00e0 eau pressuris\u00e9e et les r\u00e9acteurs \u00e0 eau bouillante. Les deux fonctionnent sur le m\u00eame principe de base : l’eau est chauff\u00e9e pour actionner une turbine et un g\u00e9n\u00e9rateur afin de produire de l’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

Explication simple du fonctionnement d’une centrale nucl\u00e9aire<\/h2>\n\n

Mais revenons \u00e0 la question du jour : \u00ab\u00a0comment fonctionne une centrale nucl\u00e9aire ?\u00a0\u00bb. Bien s\u00fbr, il y a une physique compliqu\u00e9e derri\u00e8re tout cela si vous entrez dans les d\u00e9tails. Mais pour le profane, il est \u00e9galement possible de la d\u00e9crire bri\u00e8vement, dans les grandes lignes ou \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape si vous le souhaitez :<\/p>\n\n

  1. L’uranium enrichi est irradi\u00e9 par des neutrons.<\/li>
  2. Les atomes de l’uranium se divisent en deux sous l’effet de l’irradiation.<\/li>
  3. La fission cr\u00e9e de nouveaux neutrons, qui fissionnent \u00e0 leur tour d’autres atomes d’uranium – une r\u00e9action en cha\u00eene.<\/li>
  4. Pour \u00e9viter que la r\u00e9action en cha\u00eene n’explose de mani\u00e8re incontr\u00f4l\u00e9e, elle est contr\u00f4l\u00e9e par des \u00ab\u00a0barres de contr\u00f4le\u00a0\u00bb qui peuvent \u00eatre descendues dans le c\u0153ur du r\u00e9acteur. Il s’agit de substances qui capturent de grandes quantit\u00e9s de neutrons. Cela permet de garder la r\u00e9action nucl\u00e9aire sous contr\u00f4le.<\/li>
  5. La fission des atomes d’uranium d\u00e9gage de grandes quantit\u00e9s de chaleur. Il est utilis\u00e9 pour chauffer l’eau afin de produire de la vapeur.<\/li>
  6. La vapeur chaude entra\u00eene \u00e0 son tour une turbine avec un g\u00e9n\u00e9rateur.<\/li>
  7. C’est lui, le g\u00e9n\u00e9rateur de la centrale nucl\u00e9aire, qui produit finalement l’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 que vous souhaitez. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9rateur convertit les pales en rotation de la turbine en \u00e9lectricit\u00e9 en faisant tourner des aimants \u00e0 l’int\u00e9rieur des bobines. La rotation de 3 000 tr\/min g\u00e9n\u00e8re une fr\u00e9quence de 50 Hz, qui est la fr\u00e9quence utilis\u00e9e dans les r\u00e9seaux \u00e9lectriques europ\u00e9ens.<\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Le d\u00e9bat sur l’existence ou la non-existence de l’\u00e9nergie nucl\u00e9aire ne semble jamais s’arr\u00eater. En 1980 d\u00e9j\u00e0, un vote a eu lieu en Su\u00e8de sur la question. En cons\u00e9quence, le…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1474,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[109],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4139","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-fr"],"yoast_head":"\nComment fonctionne une centrale nucl\u00e9aire ? - Peacock<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/peacock.nu\/fr\/blog-fr\/comment-fonctionne-une-centrale-nucleaire\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Comment fonctionne une centrale nucl\u00e9aire ? - Peacock\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le d\u00e9bat sur l’existence ou la non-existence de l’\u00e9nergie nucl\u00e9aire ne semble jamais s’arr\u00eater. 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